Category Archives: Customer Insight

How Hawaiian Airlines has built a Customer Culture

Hawaiian Airlines Customer Focused Culture

Hawaiian Airlines – Customer Focused Culture

Charles Nardello, the SVP of Operations at Hawaiian Airlines, recently wrote about how they were able to drive improvement in the key metrics important to airline customers.

Hawaiian are now routinely ranked first by the US Department of Transportation among all airlines for on-time performance and fewest cancellations as well as garnering top marks for best baggage handling and fewest customer complaints.

How did Hawaiian achieve these outcomes? By creating a customer culture based on 3 strategies:

1) Really understanding the Hawaiian travel customer

2) Benchmarking Hawaiian on customer “moments of truth” regularly

3) Empowering Hawaiian employees to handle unexpected situations

Knowing your Customer

Hawaiian Airlines is infused with a customer focused culture that permeates everything.

“For every decision we make, from the most basic to the complex, the customer always comes first—they are the driver of our decision-making and strategic planning,” – Charles Nardello

A culture that brings the customer perspective to every decision acts very differently than a company where customers are an afterthought or are only considered when reacting to customer problems. At every level of the organization, whether deciding on which cutlery to use in the cabin or which markets to fly to, a deep understanding of the customers they serve and the experience they want to create drives the decision.

Benchmarking and Embracing Complaints

In order to benchmark, Hawaiian Airlines surveys customers every month on their experiences with the airline and factors the results into every employee’s bonus pay.

“Every employee receives a scorecard rating them on how well they’ve performed in interacting directly with the customer or, in the case of senior executives, on decision-making and strategic planning.” – Charles Nardello

It’s an approach that guarantees that everyone at the airline will remain focused on the customer. In particular they are focused on the key moments of truth that drive the most value for their customers. This includes check-in, boarding, the flight itself, baggage retrieval and how customers are treated via each stage of their journey.

The airline reinforces this customer focus via a streaming news ticker that runs on the lower part of computer screens and TVs  in break rooms and crew lounges. The ticker show unedited, unfiltered, real-time customer reaction via social media.

Nardello suggests that he is grateful for complaints as it provides the opportunity to do something immediately to improve.

Unfortunately most customer’s don’t complain they just leave and the company wonders what happened. In fact customers are more likely to complain to someone else about the experience than the company directly. This creates even more of challenge for a company to win them back.

If a reaction is negative, the airline addresses it immediately. As Nardello points out, “Our speed in addressing the problem could make the difference between retaining that customer for future flights or losing him or her forever.”

Empowered Employees

No company can prepare for every situation  that can trigger customer dissatisfaction, which is why those that excel at customer service train and empower their frontline employees to solve problems on the fly.

“We believe employees perform best when empowered to improvise and bring unmatched service to their customers in a sincere, personal way.”

This strategy has served Hawaiian well as it continues to be ranked among the very best airlines in North America. It was recently ranked 3rd most profitable on a pre-tax margin basis behind two other airlines know for high levels of customer focus – Alaskan Air and Southwest Airlines.

Why Tesco’s Fresh and Easy concept is struggling in America

fresh and easy miss understands the american consumer

The world’s 3rd largest retailer, UK based Tesco, has been closing some of its “Fresh and Easy” stores in California this year. The Fresh and Easy chain was launched in 2007 with the goal to provide consumers with smaller neighborhood style stores with a variety of fresh organic and reaonably priced prepared meals.

So far Tesco have invested $2billion and opened more than 150 stores in California and are yet to break even.

No doubt Fresh & Easy has run into market obstacles, including California’s weak recovery from the recession but more importantly some of its merchandising practices (commonplace in Britain) have dumbfounded many American consumers.

For example, Fresh & Easy initially wrapped much of its produce in cellophane to preserve freshness. But skeptical U.S. shoppers — accustomed to examining their broccoli and lettuce up close — mistook the wrapping as a way to hide inferior products. American consumers assume produce in plastic bags is not as high quality as those in bulk. This led to an initial lower quality perception that has been hard to shake.

Adding to Tesco’s worries is the fact that many American consumers are conditioned to the idea that”big is better”. While smaller stores maybe more personal and convenient, Americans are used to driving distances to large retail warehouses (think Costco, Walmart etc) and often value bulk buying and competitive pricing over convenience.

There is also strong competition from revamped Safeway stores and the continued excellence displayed by Trader Joes and Wholefoods that really understand their customer base.

So where does this leave Fresh and Easy? They still have time to reposition themselves and find their place in the market but Tesco’s shareholders are getting impatience so they will need to find out what American consumers value most about their store’s value proposition and turn up the volume!

Similarly to Home Depot in an earlier post, Tesco should have started smaller and not ramped up until they knew they were hitting their sweet spot.

A culture that is customer centric, starts with the customer, understands what frustrates them about the current market offerings, builds a solution, tests it, then scales it.

Can Fresh and Easy survive?

Why Home Depot failed in China

home depot lacked customer insight in China

Just because a business works well in the US provides no guarantees of success in international markets. How could a company as successful as Home Depot not be able to make a success of it in China? (the WSJ reported it just decided to close its remaining 7 stores)

The key reason is a failure to really understand the chinese customer landscape. Home depot works in the US because labor rates are relatively high and there is a strong do-it-yourself culture that leads people to take on even major renovations without professional help.

Not so in China, with a large pool of low cost labor and a frenetic work ethic most chinese would prefer to pay someone to get the work done. The neither have the time or desire to “do-it-themselves”. When you add these economics to the picture it clear the model would not work, at least for now.

An interesting contrast it provided by IKEA which has been growing successfully in China. It also has a do-it-yourself model but there appear to be two differences:

Firstly it offers customers a low cost assembly service, those customers that want the lowest possible price can do it themselves, for a little more IKEA can arrange assembly.

Secondly, according to Forbes contributor Helen H. Wang (an expert on China’s middle class) Ikea provides the new chinese home owner an education in how to furnish their home in a western style. Given the growth in new home ownership in the last 15 years there a many new consumers looking for stylish, low cost ways to furnish their new homes.

The nuances of different markets are difficult to pick up, unfortunately for Home Depot there appears to have been a major customer preferences trend against them. How could they have avoided this costly error?

If they had a customer focused culture their first approach would have been to understand the chinese consumer in a little more detail. This may have uncovered what in hindsight seems obvious and saved them significant time and investment.

Often deep customer understanding can only come from launching and operating in a market. In this case I believe they could have done a better job by testing a SINGLE store more thoroughly rather than expanding too quickly. They could have started small and built out their strategy and store expansion plan on a much stronger foundation – one that customers wanted.

If your interested in developing your skills so you don’t make the same mistakes Home Depot has we have two free online courses here that may be helpful:

Course: el001- Understanding Value

Course: el002 – Uncovering Customer Needs

What do you think? Could Home Depot have done more to have averted this costly mistake?

“Culture is not the most important thing, it’s the only thing” – Costco’s Jim Sinegal

The Costco Experience

Customers walk in to buy six months worth of toilet paper and walk out with the latest flat screen TV and a case of French Champagne.

Where else would this type of consumer behavior be possible but at Costco, the US’s most successful warehouse club/retailer.

Costco has an interesting mix of customers, it tends to attract more affluent customers in as great a volume as lower income customers. It is very selective about the products it chooses and is always varying the merchandise on offer.

Customers tend to shop their regularly and come back for that intangible feeling that is created by the store’s atmosphere. It is always busy, goods are stacked in large warehouse style pallets, there is a “racetrack” style circuit that shoppers are guided through which means that get to see virtually everything on offer each visit.

Why is Costco successful?

One of the key reasons is Costco’s ability  to allay all the fears consumers have when making purchase decisions:

1. Will I get the right product for my needs?

2. Will I get the best price available?

3. Will the product be high quality

Costco takes the risk out of purchasing by having one of the most generous product return policies on the planet, I recall seeing a women return a vacuum cleaner that was at least 5 years old and considerably used. She was refunded – no questions asked.

Costco’s pricing is always tracking pricing of their competition both online and offline and driving hard bargains with suppliers to make sure they are super competitive. They mark up their products by 15% so if they buy at the right price that sales price will always be very competitive.

Costco carries well know often premium brands (they even sold Apple products for a time), their own Kirkland brand has built a reputation as a high quality store brand that reinforces Costco’s value leadership position (great quality/great price)

This strategy puts customers at ease, confident they will be getting great value on high quality products.

Another part of the strategy is to sell in bulk which means consumers buy more than they usually would of particular products. When consumers see the pricing they can get per unit on bulk purchases they can’t resist.

A powerful customer focused culture.

Jim Sinegal, Costco’s former CEO, in a recent CNBC documentary on the “Costco Craze” described the secret of Costco’s success was its culture. Jim has created a culture where there are no divisions between leadership and staff, everyone is on the same page when it comes to understanding Costco’s customers and what makes their model work. Every employee knows their role in creating the right environment for customer’s to have the “Costco experience”. Employees are paid fair wages (higher than competitors) that reflect their importance in contributing to the customer experience.

As CEO he is constantly on the move visiting Costco’s 580 stores across 9 countries every year, getting direct feedback from customers and his employees as to what’s working and what is not. Remember this is a $89 billion business.

How many CEOs set that tone for their organizations?

See more on the CNBC documentary below:

Inside the Box: What’s the secret to Costco’s success?

AND if you want to build this capability in your organization check out our MarketCulture Academy.

The only 2 sources of competitive advantage

Creating a Competitive Advantage

Jack Welch, the former CEO of GE, suggested there were only two sources of competitive advantage for businesses. Given his track record at GE – taking its value from $14bn to 410bn when he left in 2004 – he knows a thing or two about competitive advantage.

Competitive Advantage #1

“Learn more about your customers faster than the competition.”

What do you know about customers that your competitors don’t?

Competitive Advantage #2

“Turn what you learn about customers into action faster than the competition.”

How do you collect customer knowledge and provide it to the people that can take action?

Companies that master these two sources of competitive advantage stay ahead of the competition, they are the market leaders, they have customer cultures.

Our research shows they outperform their competitors on the metrics that matter – customer satisfaction, innovation, new product success and sales revenue growth.

How does your company perform?

Does Facebook have a customer culture? Absolutely!

Facebook's Customer Focused CEO

With Facebook in the business news for all the wrong reasons, a cratering share price, slowing user growth and so on it is useful to think about exactly what type of culture Mark Zuckerberg has created.

In a recent letter to shareholders he made his position clear:

“Facebook was not originally created to be a company. It was built to accomplish a social mission — to make the world more open and connected.”

This is an inspiring larger than life vision, its not about making money, its about something that will motivate employees everyday they come to work.

Most great people care primarily about building and being a part of great things, but they also want to make money. Through the process of building a team — and also building a developer community, advertising market and investor base — I’ve developed a deep appreciation for how building a strong company with a strong economic engine and strong growth can be the best way to align many people to solve important problems.

Simply put: we don’t build services to make money; we make money to build better services. And we think this is a good way to build something.

This last sentence is particularly telling for me. This is the essence of a customer culture. It starts with creating value, creating services that solve problems for people. If you can do this well then money should follow as a result of creating value people will pay for.

By focusing on our mission and building great services, we believe we will create the most value for our shareholders and partners over the long term — and this in turn will enable us to keep attracting the best people and building more great services.

Here is the long term perspective I mentioned in my previous post. By not taking short cuts to boost short term profitability Facebook can take a balanced approach to investing in people, customers and provide returns for investors over time.

Although Facebook are currently not in our Market Responsiveness Index (MRI) database, I would expect them to be strong in all 7 of the customer culture disciplines we measure.

Its current challenges are the short term pain associated with becoming a public company. If it remains focused on creating maximum value for customers it will continue to be relevant and profitably long into the future.

For a great analysis of the full letter read Henry Blodget‘s article here

What’s your take on the Facebook culture?

A new way to innovate and get funded

Customer Focused Innovation

One of the biggest challenges in businesses is determining whether your new product or service actually fills a need. It maybe a cool product, you may like it yourself but if no one will pay money for it, its just a hobby.

There are some really interesting emerging online businesses designed to help entrepreneurs with just this problem.

Kickstarter is one site that has received significant exposure thanks to the incredible success of the Pebble Watch project. Essentially a smart watch that connects to your iPhone apps so you can control music, view text message, get news feeds right on your wrist.

The project raised almost $3 million in 3 days from its “backers”, essentially its future customers and supporters. When the project finally closed it had over $10 million in pledges that was used to get the business off the ground and get production going. In return for the pledges the backers will receive the first editions of the final product.

What’s great about this approach is how it leverages social media and the online world to get projects in front of supporters and early adopters and asks them to commit funds upfront.

We know from working in market research that a lot of potential customers say they like a new product idea but when it comes to actually purchasing they don’t follow through. This is a great way to get commitments to a project before invest time and money.

Another cool success story comes from Scott Wilson a designer of the Apple Nano wrist band. Experts told him it would never work, no one would pay a high price for a premium wrist band for the Nano.

The Nano Wrist Bands

Within a month Scott raised more than $1 million dollars to fund production and a large number of the wristbands sold at twice the price predicted by experts, $79. In fact 76% of customers said they purchased the Nano because of the wrist band, now that got Apple’s attention!

Kickstarter is only available to entrepreneurs in the US at this stage so some other alternatives are listed here ( I found this list on Quora):

FundedByMe.com is a successful Nordic platform for crowdfunding that will soon add the element of equity crowdfunding
StartSomeGood.com – a kickstarter-like platform for social good initiatives globally.
PleaseFund.Us – pretty similar to Kickstarter but in the UK, using paypal
IgnitionDeck.com – A crowdfunding plugin for WordPress.
Indiegogo.com – Just like Kickstarter, but with more options.
Crowdfunding-Website-Reviews.com – A site devoted to reviewing kickstarter alternatives
http://haricot.ca (English and French, open to all)
Fundly.com – “Crowdfunding Platform for Social Good” ”

Source: Quora

Does your leadership have a monopoly on brainpower?

Monopoly on customer focused brainpower

In many organizations the leaders act as though they have all the answers.

In customer focused cultures the leaders recognize that great ideas can come from anywhere and their job is to create the environment in which creative thinking can flourish.

Who better than front line people to suggest ideas on how customer service can be enhanced? Why not ask finance how to improve the billing experience?

Unfortunately many organizations ignore this powerful resource by simply not asking or even worse asking and not taking any visible action on feedback received.

Customer focused cultures are closed loop environments where honest feedback is sought out, processed, acted on and communicated back.

I found a great story relating to this issue posted by Craig S. Fleisher on the Competitive Intelligence  forum.

To summarize:

A major international pet food manufacturer had been number one in its market space for decades; however, it had run into a period of market share erosion due to, among other things, new-fangled competitors who developed “gourmet” brands.

The CEO tasked their R&D and Marketing departments to work together to create a new product that could reverse this adverse tide. The R&D people went right to work looking at the composition of ingredients in all of their competitors’ foods, hoping to identify those “secret” ingredients that would help create a new success. They and their marketing colleagues “benchmarked” all of their competitors’ products.

About 12 months after the CEO’s challenge, the group had produced their newest product, which all of the data told them was going to be a huge hit and would help them regain and even add to their market share totals.

The product was launched with all the textbook marketing support a product manager could ever ask for. Coupons were given out, contests were held, web and media spots purchased, events held, celebrity spokespersons giving endorsements, and so on.

A year after its expensive launch, the new product barely registered in the marketplace. It had failed to achieve even a 1% share of its niche.

One late afternoon, the CEO called his executive team into one of their quarterly meetings and started asking questions of all his experienced executives who were a part of this task force about what had happened. Every one of the executives trotted out their reports, PowerPoint slide shows, pages of impressive looking statistics, and the like. The CEO heard for nearly an hour about city-by-city sales figures, competitor reactions, ad pick up rates, pricing considerations, channel efficiencies, etc.

Finally, after the marketing head had finished his spiel, the custodial staff member who had come into the room to clean and tidy it reluctantly chose to open his mouth. He commented, with a shaky voice, “I think I know what happened. I brought home several samples of the stuff you had laying around the offices and gave it to my dog Blackie (a big Labrador who was known for his ravenous appetite). You know what happened next? He sniffed it, took a few kibbles, and walked away. He never would go near his bowl as long as that food was in it. He hated it.”

The smartest guys in the room had clearly focused on the competition at the expense of testing its product ideas with customers and it took the company cleaner to point out their mistake!

Does your leadership welcome input from staff and customers?

3 reasons customer feedback is more critical now than ever

15 seconds of feedback!

1. Feedback ready or not

In the past we spent a lot of time talking with clients about the need to draw out feedback from customers. Complaints were a gift, an opportunity to improve and beat the competition.

These days for most businesses there is more than enough feedback from sites like yelp and a multitude of other industry specific sites.

Whether you want to hear what customers think or not, they want to share their experiences and do on a massive scale.

2. It takes 15 seconds or less

In terms of reaching out to customers for specific feedback, one of the barriers was low response rates as customer were indifference or just did not see any value in spending their time to provide feedback.

This is changing with innovations like feefo which promises customers it will only take “15 seconds or less to provide feedback”.

How do they do this? They focus their questions only on the feedback their clients must have an can do something about. Plus there is a payoff for the customer. The customer can see what other people said about their experiences of the service, the good, bad and ugly instantly plus any responses from the company.

This is a real time customer feedback loop that is incredibly powerful.

We know from our research that one of the key drivers of customer centricity relates to how well a company operationalizes this customer feedback loop

The impact of improvements in this capability is very significant. Companies in our Market Responsiveness Index (MRI) database that do this well deliver a 6.5% increase in profit growth over those that perform at the average level. No bad for improving one element of customer focus.

3. Your competition is listening to your customers

Regardless of whether you choose to aggressively drive customer feedback programs or not you can be sure that your competition is working on ways to gather insights into your customer base.

There are a multitude of tools available for competitors to analyze your customer base

Here is a presentation from Sean of Cascade Insights outlining some of the ways to track the competition.

Can you afford to keep ignoring your customers?

The company-customer disconnect

It’s a strange irony that the very actions many companies take in an attempt to grow often stops them from growing.

The most obvious recent example is Netflix. Once a darling of customer focus and innovation it has been faced with some difficult growth decisions recently, the result of which has seen 810,000 customer leave.

Here is how Reed Hasting’s their CEO explained things:

“Although we dramatically improved our $7.99 unlimited streaming service by embracing new platforms, simplifying our user interface, and more than doubling domestic spending on streaming content over 2010, we greatly upset many domestic Netflix customers with our significant DVD-related pricing changes, and to a lesser degree, with the proposed-and-now-canceled rebranding of our DVD service.”

This is what happens when a company effectively raises prices 60% without a significant boost in perceived value. To read more on exactly what happen and the wall street reaction you can click here

The point I am making is that there is a significant disconnect between companies and their customers and where there are gaps there are opportunities. While most companies believe they are delivering a great experience, while the majority of customers disagree. The disconnect can be seen below in a chart taken from an Bain and Co whitepaper on this topic:

So what do the 8% of companies that have alignment with their customers do?

Firstly they really understand what their customer’s find most valuable about their products and services.

Secondly they understand who their most valuable customers are and they create strong compelling and different value propositions for them.

Not only do they identify the value propositions but they actually deliver them.

This is where culture comes in, it’s not good enough to know what the value proposition is, you need an organization that is willing and able to align around it and make it happen. This requires a organization-wide mindset that is customer centered, not just company centered. Are you leading that type of organization?